abstract：:Many vaccine candidates are highly purified, sometimes monomeric antigens and as a result, not very immunogenic. Antigen delivery systems optimize the presentation of antigens. They also play a major role in solving the problem of there being an increasing number of vaccines but limited opportunities in which to inclu...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Kersten G,Hirschberg H

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychological stress has been shown to be associated with poorer antibody levels following vaccination in both animals and humans, although the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. However, animal research has enabled investigation of how this relationship may be affected by the influence of individ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Burns V

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An hypothesis published in 1998 suggested that measles-mumps-rubella vaccine may cause autism as a result of persistent measles virus infection of the gastrointestinal tract. Results of early studies were not supportive and in 2001 a review by the Institute of Medicine concluded that the evidence favors the rejection ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： DeStefano F,Thompson WW

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants offer an attractive alternative for the production and delivery of subunit vaccines. Various antigens have been expressed at sufficiently high levels in plants to render vaccine development practical. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that these plant-produced antigens can induce immunogenic responses...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Streatfield SJ,Howard JA

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania which affects millions of people worldwide. The leishmaniases are transmitted to the vertebrate hosts by phlebotomine sand flies. In this review, we focus on clinical aspects of the leishmaniases and on the immune response against the...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Brodskyn C,de Oliveira CI,Barral A,Barral-Netto M

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Buruli disease, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is an emerging infectious disease in tropical areas, particularly West Africa, which can cause deep necrotizing skin lesions, called Buruli ulcer. Buruli disease affects all age groups but about 50% of the cases are diagnosed in children. There is no evidence that Buru...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Huygen K

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of novel and increasingly safer vaccines frequently utilizes well-characterized antigens, in particular highly purified proteins or synthetic peptides. In spite of some achievements, this approach is frequently impeded by the fact that such antigens are often poor immunogens when administered alone. Th...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Moser C,Metcalfe IC,Viret JF

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants, accelerating and boosting antigen-specific antibody responses by up to 500-fold. CpG motifs promote the production of T-helper 1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce the maturation/activation of professional antigen-presen...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Klinman DM

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review deals with specific immunotherapy performed with pollen vaccines. Pollen allergens, the immunological mechanism of allergic inflammation and the mechanisms behind successful specific immunotherapy treatment of seasonal pollen allergy shall be discussed. The different approaches to develop improved regimes ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Movérare R

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conventional virus-like particles are usually composed of a single structural protein which spontaneously assembles into particles. L-particles, a little-known type of virus-like particle, are produced as part of the natural infectious process of many, if not all, alpha-herpesviruses. L-particles lack the nucleocapsid...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Pardoe I,Dargan D

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To control the worldwide spread of HIV, a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine is urgently needed. Studies with the simian immunodeficiency virus demonstrated that a live attenuated virus can be effective as a vaccine, but serious concerns about the safety of such a vaccine virus have arisen. We propose a condition...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Das AT,Zhou X,Vink M,Klaver B,Berkhout B

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic prospects of particulates are increasingly recognized for vaccination purposes. Compared with biologic particulates, such as live or attenuated bacterial vectors and viral vectors, synthetic particulates may be expected to ease the hurdles of quality assurance and validation in vaccine development and prod...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Thiele L,Merkle HP,Walter E

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the immune system can clearly recognize cancer cells, there is little evidence that it does so to any effective consequence in patients with advanced breast cancer. The possibility of effective control of micrometastatic disease remains but is unproven. The challenge for the clinician is to find ways to enhan...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Cameron DA

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00